Like in most of the Third world cities, Karachi's development authorities have also not been able to cope with the enormous population growth. For a city with a rapidly expanding population, the existing waste management capacity is far too inadequate and outmoded and needs to be improved; otherwise the problem of inefficient solid waste management services will continue to haunt those living in urban areas.
In order to improve the existing situation of solid waste management in the city of Karachi in Pakistan, there is a need to develop an effective linkage between the community, the informal sector and local government. One major problem is that the local authorities are reluctant to collect garbage from the low-income settlements. In absence of municipal services for solid waste collection and disposal, low income families have been organizing themselves to collect and dispose solid waste.
Mr. Gill M. Rizwan made a study which major objective was to improve the SWM system in Karachi through enhancing the participation of NGO and CBO. The sub- objectives were to: (1) identify the existing situation regarding current SWMS in Karachi and to evaluate the effectiveness of the role of KMC to overcome these challenges; (2) assess the roles of CBOs & NGOs in SWMS in the study areas and identify the main problems they are facing; and (3) propose the potential solutions and specific recommendations to KMC to solve out these problems and effectively improve the SWMS in Karachi.
Conclusions
Conclusion 1
The survey results showed that the average satisfaction level of the users regarding the performance of the different organizations was very low. However, each socio-economic level had different perceptions about the performance of KMC, CBO and their combined performance. The priority consideration of KMC for SWM was found to be varying as per the income level of an area. Higher socio-economic level group portray high community initiatives as well as high consideration by KMC eventually maintaining a well-managed solid waste management system.
Conclusion 2
Regarding the performance ranking by the management team i.e. by KMC, CBO and NGO, each party of management team ranked them as operating at their best but ranked the other two and their combined performance as less satisfactory. This portrays that each of the party is not satisfied with the performance of the other indicating poor co-ordination and communication. However, after the involvement of private sector the performance of individual teams especially KMC was ranked to be significantly improved.
Conclusion 3
Regarding the existing problems in private sector involvement in solid waste management in overall Karachi area, five major types of problematic areas were enlisted to be ranked by each of the management team. Overall, the most problematic area was the management aspect and then financial aspect. However, the perceptions of each management group about the different problematic area vary except for the management aspect since each of the party realized it as being the most problematic area.
Conclusion 4
The underlying factors for each of the problematic aspects were also ranked.
a. Regarding the factors causing, Low community participation, low willingness to pay was the major factor identified in the survey. The other important factors include low willingness to participate in the cleanliness program and low willingness in keeping areas clean.
b. Inefficient Management was mainly caused due to lack of accountability to the community and low willingness to manage. This clearly shows the lack of proper legislative definition of responsibilities and ineffective controlling and monitoring device.
c. Problems in social operations were mainly caused by low salary of operators and low and bad working condition of workers. Unreliable service and space problems were also identified as the major issues which are the most important factors for a sustainable SWM system.
d. Major financial problem was caused by inadequate fee collection causing cost recovery problems.
e. Lack of co-ordination with municipality was mainly due to lack of assistance to be provided by municipality.
Conclusion 5
Solutions as suggested in open answers from each of the management team were grouped for each of the problematic aspects and listed in Table below as per the majority and priority of the respondents.
In order to improve the existing situation of solid waste management in the city of Karachi in Pakistan, there is a need to develop an effective linkage between the community, the informal sector and local government. One major problem is that the local authorities are reluctant to collect garbage from the low-income settlements. In absence of municipal services for solid waste collection and disposal, low income families have been organizing themselves to collect and dispose solid waste.
Mr. Gill M. Rizwan made a study which major objective was to improve the SWM system in Karachi through enhancing the participation of NGO and CBO. The sub- objectives were to: (1) identify the existing situation regarding current SWMS in Karachi and to evaluate the effectiveness of the role of KMC to overcome these challenges; (2) assess the roles of CBOs & NGOs in SWMS in the study areas and identify the main problems they are facing; and (3) propose the potential solutions and specific recommendations to KMC to solve out these problems and effectively improve the SWMS in Karachi.
Conclusions
Conclusion 1
The survey results showed that the average satisfaction level of the users regarding the performance of the different organizations was very low. However, each socio-economic level had different perceptions about the performance of KMC, CBO and their combined performance. The priority consideration of KMC for SWM was found to be varying as per the income level of an area. Higher socio-economic level group portray high community initiatives as well as high consideration by KMC eventually maintaining a well-managed solid waste management system.
Conclusion 2
Regarding the performance ranking by the management team i.e. by KMC, CBO and NGO, each party of management team ranked them as operating at their best but ranked the other two and their combined performance as less satisfactory. This portrays that each of the party is not satisfied with the performance of the other indicating poor co-ordination and communication. However, after the involvement of private sector the performance of individual teams especially KMC was ranked to be significantly improved.
Conclusion 3
Regarding the existing problems in private sector involvement in solid waste management in overall Karachi area, five major types of problematic areas were enlisted to be ranked by each of the management team. Overall, the most problematic area was the management aspect and then financial aspect. However, the perceptions of each management group about the different problematic area vary except for the management aspect since each of the party realized it as being the most problematic area.
Conclusion 4
The underlying factors for each of the problematic aspects were also ranked.
a. Regarding the factors causing, Low community participation, low willingness to pay was the major factor identified in the survey. The other important factors include low willingness to participate in the cleanliness program and low willingness in keeping areas clean.
b. Inefficient Management was mainly caused due to lack of accountability to the community and low willingness to manage. This clearly shows the lack of proper legislative definition of responsibilities and ineffective controlling and monitoring device.
c. Problems in social operations were mainly caused by low salary of operators and low and bad working condition of workers. Unreliable service and space problems were also identified as the major issues which are the most important factors for a sustainable SWM system.
d. Major financial problem was caused by inadequate fee collection causing cost recovery problems.
e. Lack of co-ordination with municipality was mainly due to lack of assistance to be provided by municipality.
Conclusion 5
Solutions as suggested in open answers from each of the management team were grouped for each of the problematic aspects and listed in Table below as per the majority and priority of the respondents.
Recommendations
1. Increasing community participation from households
a. Education and Awareness
b. Provision of appropriate incentives and penalty
c. Develop a control system for periodic clean-up programs
2. Improving Managerial Aspect
a. Define Rights, Responsibilities and performance Control
b. Training and exchange visits for management Committee
3. Suggestions to improve Social operations
a. Consultation with local NGOs and opinion leaders
b. Official Recognition of Operators with additional facilities
c. Relate payment to performance plus division of collection areas and responsibilities
d. Integrate private entrepreneurs into the project
4. Suggestions to overcome Financial Problem
a. Fees based on income level
b. Change system of payment and give collectors more personal benefits
c. Add income generating recycling systems
d. Carry out Socio-economic feasibility study and improve financial control
5. Suggestions for enhancing the co-operation with Municipality
a. Involve local authority from the beginning and the structures facilitation of formal and informal co-operation.b. Extend the services to include secondary
1. Increasing community participation from households
a. Education and Awareness
b. Provision of appropriate incentives and penalty
c. Develop a control system for periodic clean-up programs
2. Improving Managerial Aspect
a. Define Rights, Responsibilities and performance Control
b. Training and exchange visits for management Committee
3. Suggestions to improve Social operations
a. Consultation with local NGOs and opinion leaders
b. Official Recognition of Operators with additional facilities
c. Relate payment to performance plus division of collection areas and responsibilities
d. Integrate private entrepreneurs into the project
4. Suggestions to overcome Financial Problem
a. Fees based on income level
b. Change system of payment and give collectors more personal benefits
c. Add income generating recycling systems
d. Carry out Socio-economic feasibility study and improve financial control
5. Suggestions for enhancing the co-operation with Municipality
a. Involve local authority from the beginning and the structures facilitation of formal and informal co-operation.b. Extend the services to include secondary
6 comments:
With this degree of Technical Background there is always a fundamental flaw in the reports. What is the water content of the Municipal Solid Wastes being collected?
Pakistan as a Country is very well able to collect all the Municipal Solid Waste it produces the issue is what to do after collection and thence treatment.
All the other messages seem to show that the highly mechanised systems for treatment (incineration waste to gasification plasma arc etc.) are not only questionable environmentally but too costly to buy - capex is too high - and too costly to operate and maintain - opex is too high.
If there was a system that could optimise the recycling and also deliver best returns on products made from the wastes then I suggest that using the organic materials to make the Renewable fuel Bioethanol and also using the plastics to make the equivalent Renewable fuel BioDiesel would offer the best overall for Pakistan. It is being adopted using the simplest and oldest treatment proposal by Genesyst in the UK in Yorkshire England and Malta as well as elsewhere as for Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam as well as in Hardenberg Netherlands and Kentucky in the USA and so with future developments in India and China also expected Pakistan is a must.
So what are the benefits...low real cost and low operations and maintenance costs. Imagine that from a City that might produce 4,500,000 tonnes of municipal solid waste per year that after extracting the recyclables the beneficial results were the production of 450 million litres of the renewable fuel BioEthanol in the same year. Then as a consequence of that exchange this was equated to avoidance of importing oil in to the economy, the result would be a saving of importing oil of 4.5 million barrels per year which in today's climate equates to US $360 million per year of avoided oil imports. Or to put it another way the returns on the avoidance of oil imports in terms of the design build and operate of this project (in Pakistan for example) would be less than 2 years. Surely this is the sort of programme you need for Pakistan.
Pakistan cannot afford to miss out here.
Well said to the lady/gentleman anon.
Looking at the MSW in Pakistan and comparing thatt with other countries in the region the likely water content (free water) will be as high as 60%. It is already reported in China that it can reach 75% in Beijing/Shanghai/Chong Qing so the analogy in Karachi or Lahore has to be real. Likewise if this is the case then the potential for burning the waste (incinerating) to produce energy as electricity is also a farce. This order of water content depresses the LFV so much that under the World Bank Guidelines (the Decision Makers' Guide to Incineration) the xhoice cannot be correct. And when you hear that some companies are also attempting to try plasma arc technology in MSW at this water content (I see that it is being tried in Beijing) then the whole issue is equally a nonsense. A system that requires a LHV of at least 16,500 cannot survive in Beijing and the questioning over that is equally comparable.
It does seem therefore that the potential to convert this waste to more useful products as a liquid fuel therefore is optimal for most of the area of consideration in this article.
And for Pakistan where there is a need to substitute a liquid fuel for automotive fuels the economic argument is undeniable. Making say 1000 million litres of the biofuel ethanol from MSW in Pakistan will save refining oil to 700 million litres of gasoline and avoid the importing of 14 million barrels of oil a year - that is eqal to avoiding buying $1000 million of oil a year. So building four facilities around Karachi alone at say $1000 million would save the country a serious balance of payments issue.
Go for it Pakistan...you can afford this.
When one conceives the issue at hand, i have to agree with your endings. You intelligibly show cognition about this topic and i have much to learn after reading your post.Lot's of greetings and i will come back for any further updates.
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Very Informative Blog
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